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million in dollars) | last_tour = Who's That Girl World Tour (1987) | this_tour = Blond Ambition World Tour (1990) | next_tour = The Girlie Show World Tour (1993) }} The Blond Ambition World Tour was the third concert tour by American singer-songwriter Madonna. The tour was launched in support of her fourth studio album, ''Like a Prayer'', and the soundtrack, ''I'm Breathless''. The tour reached North America, Europe and Asia. It was a highly controversial tour, mainly for its juxtaposition of Catholic iconography and sexuality. ''Rolling Stone'' called it an "elaborately choreographed, sexually provocative extravaganza" and proclaimed it "the best tour of 1990." In 1991, a documentary film, ''Truth or Dare'' (''In Bed with Madonna'' outside North America), was released chronicling the tour. The tour received the "Most Creative Stage Production" at the Pollstar Concert Industry Awards.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Pollstar Concert Industry Awards Winners Archives, 1990 )〕 The tour was named the Greatest Concert of the 1990s by ''Rolling Stone''.〔Ciccone, Christopher (2008) 'Life with my Sister Madonna', Simon & Schuster: New York, pp. 277〕 The tour grossed over $60 million. In North America only, 482,832 tickets were sold in the first two hours, during the pre-sale, grossing $14,237,000.〔http://business.highbeam.com/53/article-1G1-8903793/400000-madonna-tickets-sold-first-two-hours〕 The tour also broke the record at the Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena with takings of $456,720, becoming the highest-grossing musical event of all time.〔http://business.highbeam.com/53/article-1G1-10607298/wrestlemania-vii-grosses-720235〕 The tour was met with strong reaction from religious groups for her performance of "Like a Virgin", during which two male dancers caressed her body before she simulated masturbation. The Church of England and the Catholic Church criticised her performance and the Pope asked the general public and the Christian community not to attend the concert. A private association of Catholics calling themselves ''Famiglia Domani'' also boycotted the tour for its eroticism. In response, Madonna said, "The tour in no way hurts anybody's sentiments. It's for open minds and gets them to see sexuality in a different way. Their own and others'." The concert was filmed several times, including dates in the United States, France, Japan and Spain. An HBO TV special, titled ''Madonna - Live! Blond Ambition World Tour 90'', was filmed in Nice, France and was later released commercially as ''Blond Ambition World Tour Live'' by Pioneer Artists, exclusively on the Laserdisc format. The title went on to win a Grammy Award in 1992 for Best Long Form Music Video. Another title, ''Blond Ambition Japan Tour 90'', was released exclusively in Japan by Warner-Pioneer. == Background == Originally to be called the "Like a Prayer World Tour",〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Madonna - Like A Prayer Pepsi can () - () )〕 Sire Records announced the Blond Ambition World Tour in November 1989, following the success of Madonna's fourth studio album, ''Like a Prayer'', and Madonna's performance of "Express Yourself" at the 1989 MTV Video Music Awards - considered as a tour preview. Initially, the tour was only to reach Japan and North America, as Madonna was considering roles in several films. By the end of 1989 plans were announced to bring the tour to Europe as well because of popularity and fan demand. In December 1989, when preparations for the tour began, Madonna herself announced during a pre-recorded interview on German TV channel ZDF, that she would tour Germany during 1990.〔(Madonna announces German Tour )〕 In April 1990, additional dates in Europe were added. Stage preparations and dress rehearsals took place at the Disney Studios, Burbank, California, before the tour kicked off in Japan. The tour incorporated as central themes, sexuality and Catholicism, a combination which engendered controversy. The catholic associations called for a boycott of the show in Rome, and one of three scheduled Italian dates was eventually canceled. The show has achieved a measure of cult status, with elements such as the bullet bra and false ponytail hairpiece becoming cultural icons in their own right. Madonna herself called the concert "like musical theater" and choreographer Vincent Paterson stated she wanted to "break every rule we can... She wanted to make statements about sexuality, cross-sexuality, the church... But the biggest thing we tried to do was change the shape of concerts. Instead of just presenting songs, we wanted to combine fashion, Broadway, and performance art." The show's explicit overtone caused problems. In Toronto, police were alerted that the show might possibly contain lewd and obscene content (particularly a masturbation scene) and threatened charges unless parts of the show were changed. The show went on unaltered, however, and no charges were made after the tour manager gave the police an ultimatum: "Cancel the show, and you'll have to tell 30,000 people why."〔"Random Notes" by Sheila Rogers, ''Rolling Stone'', 12–26 July 1990, page 13〕 French fashion designer Jean Paul Gaultier designed the costumes for the tour, including the now-infamous cone brassiere. Additional costume pieces were designed by Marlene Stewart, who had previously worked with Madonna on the 1987 Who's That Girl World Tour. Director Alek Keshishian captured more than 250 hours of film of Madonna and her troupe during the tour. This footage was edited and released to movie theaters as ''Truth or Dare (aka In Bed with Madonna)''. Due to ongoing throat problems, six shows had to be canceled, bringing the tour down from 63 shows to 57; altogether, 125,000 tickets had to be refunded. The proceeds of the last American date in New Jersey, was donated to the Nonprofit organization amfAR and dedicated to her friend ''Keith Haring'' who died of AIDS, grossing over $300,000.〔http://books.google.it/books?id=mqqFX9lU98IC&pg=PA189&lpg=PA189&dq=madonna+landover+1990&source=bl&ots=f2raSAeEzK&sig=rsyZRD8y8-zPtQelVRER2415640&hl=it&sa=X&ei=CyVDUaWlL8SM7QbPj4GADA&ved=0CIIBEOgBMAg4KA#v=onepage&q=madonna%20landover%201990&f=false 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Blond Ambition World Tour」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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